Flamenco (Guitar)

It has been a standing joke in the guitar world over the last couple of years that there are more flamenco players in London alone than in the whole of Andalusia. An exaggeration, of course, but the fact remains that we have been fortunate enough to have the opportunity of hearing in person a number of great flamenco guitarists, including Carlos Montoya, Sabicas and the younger but no less distinguished Paco Pena. In the hands of these virtuosi flamenco has become almost equal in popularity with the classical method of playing, and promoted by this tremendous upsurge of interest it has become obvious to me that the brief remarks on the subject of flamenco in the Spanish guitar chapter of the original edition of this sites are no longer adequate.

It is the fashion among some classical Spanish guitarists to scoff at the flamenco style, drawing attention to the tonal and technical shortcomings of many of its exponents. Judged by classical standards there may be some justification for this view, but such critics would do well to remember that their own orthodoxy is of a comparatively recent origin, based as it is to a large extent on the work of Segovia over the last 70 years. Formal musicologist raised their hands in horror when the maestro himself first transcribed from the work of Bach and Weiss in order to build the classical repertoire.

However, there is little point in arguing the relative merits of the flamenco and classical styles. The true Flamenco guitar is lighter in build and action than the classical guitar model, two characteristics which facilitates the production of a higher degree of volume at the expense of tone, but essentially the instrument is the same. It seems to me that the basic difference between the two style lies in the fact that whereas a great deal of the classical repertoire consists of adaptations of works originally composed for other instruments, flamenco is a genuinely primitive art from which has itself, and has thus inherited both its limitations and virtues....

Jazz Guitar

Over the years the guitar has given me a great deal of pleasure. Especially now that I play predominantly finger style I can sit quite happily on my own tinkling away for hours oblivious to the cares of the world, completely immersed in music. However, I must say that for sheer spontaneous enjoyment there is nothing quite like playing improvised jazz with a good small group.

When a jazz musician plays an improvised chorus he is attempting to perform the miracle of instance composition, and incredibly, if he know what he's doing the miracle works!
Such a solo is built on the chord progression of the song rather than the melody, so the guitar player has a certain advantage when he comes to jazz. In common with most guitarists I have always found it much easier to remember chord progressions than melodies, which is not surprising, because after some years of playing it is natural to recognize certain chordal relationships.

Any guitarist who wants to play jazz should train himself to do this. He will then be able to develop his solos logically on the basis of the arpeggios and scales thus suggested. Don't misunderstand what I am saying here. A good jazz chorus consists of a great deal more than arpeggios and scales. These should be used as the foundation on which to build a new and interesting melodic lines of your own, and added to his basic knowledge of chords and scales the jazz guitarist must have a flair for melodic and rhythmic invention.
Only the geniuses are born with this flair; but fortunately there are ways for developing it through listening and experimentation. Clearly it is no good expecting that you are going to be able to play good jazz improvisation purely by chance. This would be equivalent to sticking you down in the middle of China and expecting you to be able to improvise the language. Jazz is a language; a way of putting over ideas. If you want to play it, you must listen to it habitually, particularly with reference to the guitar; so that you know what has been done and what can be done with our instrument in this field.

Listen to Jim Hall - a completely different kind of player. Gentle, thoughtful, he never puts a finger wrong; playing kind of jazz chamber music with a taste and intelligence that make him the thinking man's guitarist. And if you want to find out where a great deal of this began. Listen to Django Reinhardt - the incomparably Gipsy guitarist who showed us the way back in 1930's, whose sheer joy of living comes through with every now, making it impossible to believe that he has been dead for nearly a quarter of a century. If there can be such a thing as an Immortal then Django Reinhardt is surely it.

And Play Jazz....

Minor Chords And Indroductions..

The chords we have discussed so far have all been in major keys, and based on what are known as major triads. Each major key also has a relative minor key, which has a characteristic sound of its own. To show you this difference in sound, finger and play the following chords. First A chord you have learned already:
A MAJOR CHORD

And now the chord of A minor, which looks like this:
A MINOR CHORD

The only difference between these two chords is, as you will see, the fact that the 2nd string is fingered one fret lower in the minor chord. This makes the note on the 2nd string C natural, instead of C sharp. Although everything else about the chord remains unchanged, this minor third interval between the A on the 3rd string and C on the 2nd gives the chord its characteristic minor sound.
A minor is the relative minor key to C major. As with the major key, the minor key has three principal chords. Those in A minor are A minor, E7 and D minor. The dominant seventh in the key of A major.
D minor looks like this:
D MINOR
Here again you will see that the only difference between D minor and the D major chord, which you have learned already, lies in one note. In this instance the 1st string is fingered one fret lower, putting an F natural at the top of the chord, instead of an F sharp.
In chord symbol writing A minor is usually written Am- or sometimes Amin, and D minor written Dm or sometimes Dmin, and so on through the minor chords.
Although only one note is changed in both of the minor chords we have discussed so far, you will notice that this necessitates a considerable modification of the fingering in each case. Thus we can improvise a useful exercise for your left hand by alternating major and minor chords, as follows:

||4x4 A///|Am///|D///|Dm///||

Play this exercise very slowly at first, gaining speed as your left-hand fingers become more accustomed to the necessary movements.
Now you should be ready to play this simple exercise on the chord of A minor:

||4x1 Am///|Dm///|E7///|Am///||

Guitar Chords In A

A' is a favourite key of many of the classical composers for the guitar. One good reason for this is the fact that the 5th and 6th strings are tuned to the natural bass notes of the key - A and E, thus allowing these strings to be played open as accompaniment to more complicated fingering with the left hand. From our point of view offers a good opportunity to begin to explore the string bass style of playing.
The string bass style means merely that, having formed a chord with your left hand, instead of strumming it straight across, or playing it arpeggio fashion, you hit one of the lower strings on its own for the first beat of the bar, then play the remainder of the chord on the second. You can then play another bass string, followed by the chord, for the third and fourth beats.
You may wonder why I didn't go staek, raving bonkers with the monotony of this um-ching um - ching, but it is possible to make this style very interesting both from the playing and listening points of view. If you can get hold some of the Eddie Land/Joe Venuti recordings you'll hear Lang using this type of Accompaniment to good effect. Another example that falls immediately to mind is Django Reinhardt's duet version of ALABAMY BOUND, made with Stephen Grappelly in 1937- I guarantee that the first time there's only one guitar playing the accompaniment.
Just how interesting you can make the string bass style depends on your ability and imagination. By making care in the choice of your bass notes you can produce a pleasant counter-melody should fill in the gaps, rather than competing or dominating. You'll get to play the melody yourself later on, but at the moment we're concentrating on the job of making a reasonable accompaniment of you, and this is an art in itself. Your chance to become a soloist will come in Section Four.

Now, the principle chords, in the key of A. These are A, E7 and D. As usual, we'll take tonic chord first:

By now your fingers should be becoming hard enough and flexible enough to find the correct position without much difficulty. Try this chord arpeggio fashion,, making sure that the fingered 4th, 3rd and 2nd strings ring as well as the open ones. Now try playing the chord in the string bass style, hitting the open 5th string alone first, followed by the chord.

Chords In D

When Eddie Lang, the first great jazz guitarist, played with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra back in the early 1930s the story that he carried his band parts written on a piece of card about the size of an average business card became something of a legend. If the story is true, it must be am example of the kind of thing that is possible through the use of the chord symbol system, which you are in the process of learning.

My own adaptation of Eddie Lang's business card one which I have found useful over many years involves the use of an ordinary pocket-sized, indexed address book. You can buy one of these from a stationers quite cheaply and start to build your own library of accompaniment today. Write out the chord symbols - and the words of the song too, if you like as I how quickly you can build up a range of songs to suit all occasions. Why not start with the accompaniments you'll find in this Blog?

Our next three chords are in the key of D. They are D, the tonic A7,the dominant, and the G the sub-dominant. Your 'bonus' chord here is G, which is carried over from the previous chapter, so once again you really only have two chords to learn.

The five string chord of D in the first position looks like this:

Chord Window D

You will notice here that the 4th and 5th strings are played open, giving you a ringing, sonorous bass sound. Try the chord, making sure you use the left-hand fingering indicated. Play arpeggio first, to make sure of those first three strings.
The Dominant Seventh in the key is A7, an extremely useful chord shape. This employs for the first time in your experience the Small Barre - that is, the use of the first finger to hold down the 2nd, 3rd and 4th strings simultaneously. At the same time, the third finger is 5th and 6th strings can be sounded open in this chord, giving a good ringing bass once again.

Chord Window A7

The G chord you already know, so let's try a small exercise, using the three chords in D.
||4x1 D ///|G///|A7///|D///:||
Repeat this until you have the feel of changing between these chords... until your fingers are so educated that you don't have to watch they're doing. Foster's OLD FOLKS AT HOME. To find the first three notes of the melody, finger the D chord and hit your first string, then raise your second finger and allow the open 1st string, to sound then the 2nd string, with your third finger on the third fret, as in the D chord. This gives you: Way down u- the notes F sharp, E and D. The song is played in a slow four to the bar. Whatever you do don't play the accompaniment jerkily. This is good time to try a sustained, arpeggio type of accompaniment, letting the strings ring behind the melody.